Tax residency risk after spending more than 183 days across multiple EU countries
You travel frequently across several EU countries over the course of a single tax year. You do not settle permanently in any one place, but your cumulative presence exceeds 183 days when added together. You assume that since no single country crosses the threshold, tax residency does not arise. In practice, tax residency is not determined by simple arithmetic across borders. Each country applies its own rules independently. Regular presence, accommodation, economic activity, and personal ties may trigger residency even if the 183-day threshold is not exceeded in any single jurisdiction. This creates a structural risk: one or more countries may assert tax residency based on factual presence and ties, while no country is clearly identified as your primary residence.
Input Data
- Status: individual / freelancer / remote professional
- Mobility: frequent movement across multiple EU countries
- Presence: cumulative stay exceeding 183 days across jurisdictions
- Housing: short-term rentals, serviced apartments, or repeated stays
- Income: remote employment, freelance, or business income
- Banking and expenses: spending and accounts across several countries
- Registration: limited or fragmented local registrations
Jurisdiction Conflict
Multiple countries — independent residency assessment
- Regular physical presence, even below 183 days
- Recurrent accommodation or habitual stays
- Local economic activity or client interaction
- Banking activity and recurring expenses
- Administrative or social connections
No single country may clearly qualify as the primary residence, while several countries may reasonably claim tax residency based on their domestic rules.
AI Analysis
Scenario A — One country asserts residency
- A country qualifies habitual presence or economic ties as sufficient
- Worldwide income becomes taxable there
- Risk: unexpected residency determination
Scenario B — Parallel residency claims
- Two or more countries assert residency simultaneously
- No clear tie-breaker applies due to fragmented facts
- Risk: overlapping tax claims and reporting obligations
Scenario C — “Nowhere resident” position challenged
- The assumption of non-residency is rejected
- Authorities reclassify residency retrospectively
- Risk: back taxes, penalties, and audits
Key risk indicators
- Repeated stays in the same countries over the year
- Use of the same accommodation or service providers
- Concentration of expenses or banking in one location
- Where work is effectively organized and managed
- Absence of a clearly documented primary residence
Output of Richys AI Analysis
- Residency risk assessment per country
- Identification of the most likely asserting jurisdiction
- Mapping of overlapping reporting obligations
- Detection of factual inconsistencies increasing audit risk
- Documentation checklist to support a defensible position
Expert Boundary
Involvement of a verified EU expert is required for:
- country-specific interpretation of habitual presence
- application of tax treaties in multi-country scenarios
- defining a primary residence position
- preparation for multi-jurisdiction audits
Case Conclusion
Spending more than 183 days across multiple EU countries does not place you outside the tax system. On the contrary, it often increases uncertainty.
Tax authorities assess patterns of life, not travel totals. Regular presence, accommodation, economic activity, and documentation gaps may be enough for one or more countries to assert tax residency.
Without a clearly defined and well-documented primary residence, fragmented mobility creates exposure rather than flexibility.
A structured case analysis helps clarify where tax residency risks arise, which country is most likely to assert claims, and what evidence is required to support a consistent position before issues escalate.
Start case analysisThis case is for illustration purposes only. Real outcomes depend on residence, income structure, documents and timing. For your specific situation, use structured case analysis with AI and verified EU experts.
Mathieu Fiscalis
AI assistant – Taxes & Cross-Border Tax